Exosomal microRNAs in cardiovascular diseases

MircoRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) are a class of endogenous, 21–25-nucleotide, highly conserved noncoding RNAs. Accumulating evidence suggests that miRNAs are regulators and biomarkers in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Exosomes have recently emerged as a carrier of miRNAs for cell-to-cell communication during CVDs. This review summarized the important roles of exosomal miRNAs in pathological processes, diagnosis, prognosis, and reaction to therapy for CVDs.